京津冀地区耕地利用转型时空分异及驱动机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付慧  刘艳军  孙宏日  周国磊 《地理科学进展》2020,39(12):1985-1998

耕地利用转型代表耕地利用形态的趋势性变化。论文以京津冀地区157个县域空间为基本研究单元,从显性形态与隐性形态双重属性出发构建耕地利用形态指标体系,运用冷热点、空间变差函数等方法分析1990—2015年耕地利用形态变化的时空特征,在此基础上,利用空间误差模型(spatial error model, SEM)对耕地利用转型的驱动机制进行了定量分析。结果表明：① 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分布呈东南高、西北低的格局,与该地区地形分布格局基本一致,且因坝上高原特色农业发展形成独立高值区。② 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分异呈现逐渐缩小的趋势,显著热点区与显著冷点区分布相对稳定且面积不断缩小,耕地利用转型较为平稳。显性形态值普遍呈现先升高后降低趋势,隐性形态值则呈升高趋势,表明京津冀耕地出现空间收缩、功能优化式转型。③ 高程是影响京津冀地区耕地利用形态空间特征的主要自然环境因素,二三产业占比、地均固定资产投资与城镇化率等经济发展和城镇建设因素则是驱动1990—2015年京津冀地区耕地转型的主导因素,但不同时段、不同县域单元耕地转型动力机制存在差异,各驱动因子作用强度也不完全一致。  相似文献   

城市增长边界研究进展——理论模型、划定方法与实效评价     

谭荣辉  刘耀林  刘艳芳  何青松 《地理科学进展》2020,39(2):327-338

新型城镇化背景下,传统粗放的城镇土地利用模式难以为继,控制城市规模、优化空间格局已成为当前国土资源管理的重点工作之一。城市增长边界(UGB)作为一种西方国家控制城市蔓延的技术手段和政策工具已逐渐被引入国内。采用文献资料法和归纳演绎法,梳理并分析了国内外城市增长边界的理论模型、划定方法与实效评价,挖掘未来城市增长驱动力和增长边界制定方法可能的研究方向,为后续研究和未来其在中国的实践提供参考。结果表明：① 城市增长边界实证研究的理论基础主要源于古典单中心城市模型,由于国情不同,国内主要关注经济水平、产业结构和可达性对城市增长的影响,而国外在此基础上还关注公共政策和服务、外部性以及主体间的博弈对城市蔓延的促进或抑制作用;② 城市增长刚性边界划定主要以土地适宜性和承载力评价为基础,弹性边界可采用元胞自动机进行空间辅助模拟;③ 国外城市增长边界的实施效果具有地区差异性,国内目前还缺乏城市增长边界实施效果评价相关方面的研究。因此,城市增长驱动力后续研究应吸纳多源理论,识别不同尺度下其机理特征,探索宏观环境的情景变量对微观环境下“驱动力—城市增长”这一关系的影响。城市增长弹性边界制定需要考虑城乡土地利用转换背后不同情景下主体间的复杂博弈对用地转换在空间上分布的决定作用。为了保证政策的持续性和统筹区域发展,未来需要明确城市增长边界的管理机构,制定对应的法律条款和管理体系。  相似文献   

农户的非农就业如何影响中国的土地流转?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王佳月  辛良杰  王亚辉 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(3):378-400

To clarify the impact of non-agricultural employment on rural land circulation in China,we built logit models using the Chinese Household Income Project 2013 dataset,which includes 18,948 household samples over 15 provinces,126 cities and 234 counties of China in 2013.We use the proportion of non-agricultural income,the proportion of non-agricultural laborers and non-agricultural fixed operating assets to reflect the degree of the households’dependence on agriculture,the degree of the households’laborers committed to non-agricultural employment and the stability of non-agricultural employment,respectively.The results show that the stability of non-agricultural employment is an important reason for farmers to transfer out their land,and an increase in non-agricultural income is the fundamental reason.The proportion of non-agricultural assets has the greatest impact on the decision to transfer land,followed by the proportion of non-agricultural income.Per unit increase in the non-agricultural income ratio has a stronger effect on the transfer-out decision than it does on the transfer-in decision,which is a 0.09 increase of the probability of transfer-out the land and a 0.07 decrease of the probability of transfer-in the land.In terms of regional differences,when considering the impact of non-agricultural employment on the land transfer-out decision,the impacts of non-agricultural income and labor force are the greatest in the Central region.The impact of non-agricultural assets is the greatest in the Eastern region.For the Eastern region,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets and the non-agricultural labor force,and the decision to transfer in land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets.In the Central and Western regions,the decision to transfer out land is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural labor force,in that order.The decision to transfer in land in the Central region is not significantly affected by non-agricultural employment.The decision to transfer in land in the Western region is mainly affected by non-agricultural assets,non-agricultural labor force and non-agricultural income,in that order.We note that non-agricultural assets have a prominent impact on land transfer,which shows that the stability of non-agricultural employment has an important impact on land transfer decision-making.Vocational training for rural labor forces may be an effective means to promote stable non-agricultural employment and simultaneously facilitate rural land circulation,especially in Central and Western China.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal analysis of COVID-19 risk in Guangdong Province based on population migration     

Ye  Yuyao  Wang  Changjian  Zhang  Hong’ou  Yang  Ji  Liu  Zhengqian  Wu  Kangmin  Deng  Yingbin 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):1985-2001

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Population migration, especially population inflow from epidemic areas, is a key source of the risk related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic....  相似文献   

植被覆盖、放牧和季节对牧草种类组成和生物量的影响:以埃塞俄比亚南部Yabello牧场为例     

Yeneayehu FENETAHUN  徐新文  尤源  王永东 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):159-170

Yabello牧场是埃塞俄比亚博拉纳的一个半干旱地区的牧场,目前面临着草场退化的严重挑战。植被覆盖的变化、过度放牧和季节性变化极大地影响了Yabello牧场的牧草组成和生物量。本文评估了植被覆盖、放牧和季节对Yabello牧场的牧草组成和生物量的影响。首先采用1 m×1 m的随机样方进行实验,根据植被覆盖类型和放牧变化选择样点,并对季节影响进行评估。使用SAS统计软件和MicrosoftExcel分析牧草组成、牧草高度和质量数据。本研究总共记录了26种草种,其中Chloris roxburghiana, Chrysopogon aucheri和Chrysopogon aucheri草种均表现出最高的平均单种覆盖高度和生物量产量。因此,建议将这些草种用于研究区域退化草地的恢复。研究结果还表明,植被覆盖类型、放牧和季节变化是决定牧草种类组成、牧草高度和生物量产量的关键因素。最后,研究结论还认为控制灌木丛植被并平衡放牧水平的可持续管理对于该地区的可持续牧草生产和生物多样性保护至关重要。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅中部甘达基河流域尼泊尔国鸟(棕尾虹雉)生境分布变化     

Raju RAI  Basanta PAUDEL  谷昌军  Narendra Raj KHANAL 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(2):223-231

甘达基河流域(Gandaki River Basin,GRB)是喜马拉雅中部地区的一部分,该地区栖息着许多珍稀的野生动物。由于气候和人类活动的影响,许多珍稀保护物种的生境处于危险之中。本研究基于最大熵(MaxEnt)模型,运用生物气候、土地覆被和DEM数据,分析各环境要素对棕尾虹雉(Lophophorusimpejanus)的生境适宜性的影响,评估棕尾虹雉现在状况和未来栖息地分布的变化。研究表明,目前棕尾虹雉的高度适宜栖息地面积约为749 km^2,主要分布在流域北部、东部和西部,尤其是郎塘国家公园、马纳斯卢峰自然保护区和安纳布尔纳峰自然保护区等保护区内。到2050年,棕尾虹雉的高度适宜栖息地面积将减少至561 km^2,主要在流域北部和西北部(即Chhyo,Tatopani,Humde和Chame地区)。未来环境变化的模拟表明,由于适宜栖息地面积的减少,棕尾虹雉面临的生存风险将增加。  相似文献   

Assessment of alternative adsorption models and global sensitivity analysis to characterize hexavalent chromium loss from soil to surface runoff          下载免费PDF全文

Chuan‐An Xia  Juxiu Tong  Bill X. Hu  Xiujie Wu  Alberto Guadagnini 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3140-3157

We investigate our ability to assess transfer of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from the soil to surface runoff by considering the effect of coupling diverse adsorption models with a two‐layer solute transfer model. Our analyses are grounded on a set of two experiments associated with soils characterized by diverse particle size distributions. Our study is motivated by the observation that Cr(VI) is receiving much attention for the assessment of environmental risks due to its high solubility, mobility, and toxicological significance. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is considered to be at equilibrium in the mixing layer under our experimental conditions. Four adsorption models, that is, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, constitute our set of alternative (competing) mathematical formulations. Experimental results reveal that the soil samples characterized by the finest grain sizes are associated with the highest release of Cr(VI) to runoff. We compare the relative abilities of the four models to interpret experimental results through maximum likelihood model calibration and four model identification criteria (i.e., the Akaike information criteria [AIC and AIC_C] and the Bayesian and Kashyap information criteria). Our study results enable us to rank the tested models on the basis of a set of posterior weights assigned to each of them. A classical variance‐based global sensitivity analysis is then performed to assess the relative importance of the uncertain parameters associated with each of the models considered, within subregions of the parameter space. In this context, the modelling strategy resulting from coupling the Langmuir isotherm with a two‐layer solute transfer model is then evaluated as the most skilful for the overall interpretation of both sets of experiments. Our results document that (a) the depth of the mixing layer is the most influential factor for all models tested, with the exception of the Freundlich isotherm, and (b) the total sensitivity of the adsorption parameters varies in time, with a trend to increase as time progresses for all of the models. These results suggest that adsorption has a significant effect on the uncertainty associated with the release of Cr(VI) from the soil to the surface runoff component.  相似文献   

Near‐surface hydraulic conductivity of northern hemisphere glaciers          下载免费PDF全文

Ian T. Stevens  Tristram D.L. Irvine‐Fynn  Philip R. Porter  Joseph M. Cook  Arwyn Edwards  Martin Smart  Brian J. Moorman  Andy J. Hodson  Andrew C. Mitchell 《水文研究》2018,32(7):850-865

The hydrology of near‐surface glacier ice remains a neglected aspect of glacier hydrology despite its role in modulating meltwater delivery to downstream environments. To elucidate the hydrological characteristics of this near‐surface glacial weathering crust, we describe the design and operation of a capacitance‐based piezometer that enables rapid, economical deployment across multiple sites and provides an accurate, high‐resolution record of near‐surface water‐level fluctuations. Piezometers were employed at 10 northern hemisphere glaciers, and through the application of standard bail–recharge techniques, we derive hydraulic conductivity (K) values from 0.003 to 3.519 m day^?1, with a mean of 0.185 ± 0.019 m day^?1. These results are comparable to those obtained in other discrete studies of glacier near‐surface ice, and for firn, and indicate that the weathering crust represents a hydrologically inefficient aquifer. Hydraulic conductivity correlated positively with water table height but negatively with altitude and cumulative short‐wave radiation since the last synoptic period of either negative air temperatures or turbulent energy flux dominance. The large range of K observed suggests complex interactions between meteorological influences and differences arising from variability in ice structure and crystallography. Our data demonstrate a greater complexity of near‐surface ice hydrology than hitherto appreciated and support the notion that the weathering crust can regulate the supraglacial discharge response to melt production. The conductivities reported here, coupled with typical supraglacial channel spacing, suggest that meltwater can be retained within the weathering crust for at least several days. Not only does this have implications for the accuracy of predictive meltwater run‐off models, but we also argue for biogeochemical processes and transfers that are strongly conditioned by water residence time and the efficacy of the cascade of sediments, impurities, microbes, and nutrients to downstream ecosystems. Because continued atmospheric warming will incur rising snowline elevations and glacier thinning, the supraglacial hydrological system may assume greater importance in many mountainous regions, and consequently, detailing weathering crust hydraulics represents a research priority because the flow path it represents remains poorly constrained.  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的湖北省地级以上城市城区地表温度变化分析     

李韶颖  车风  邵军  陈涛  周婧娟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):76-78

基于MODIS数据,以湖北省地级以上城市城区为研究对象,通过对湖北省13个地级以上城市城区边界矢量数据与地表温度因子进行套合处理,采用叠置分析方法对2000、2015、2017年湖北省地级以上城市城区的地表温度进行统计,并分析城镇化建设对城区地表温度产生的影响。  相似文献   

Evaluation of riverbed magnetic susceptibility for mapping biogeochemical hot spots in groundwater-impacted rivers     

Chen Wang  Martin A. Briggs  Frederick D. Day-Lewis  Lee D. Slater 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14184

Redox hot spots occurring as metal-rich anoxic groundwater discharges through oxic wetland and river sediments commonly result in the formation of iron (Fe) oxide precipitates. These redox-sensitive precipitates influence the release of nutrients and metals to surface water and can act as ‘contaminant sponges’ by absorbing toxic compounds. We explore the feasibility of a non-invasive, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) technique to efficiently map the spatial variations of magnetic Fe oxide precipitates in the shallow bed of three rivers impacted by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory analyses on Mashpee River (MA, USA) sediments demonstrate the sensitivity of MS to sediment Fe concentrations. Field surveys in the Mashpee and Quashnet rivers (MA, USA) reveal several discrete high MS zones, which are associated with likely anoxic groundwater discharge as evaluated by riverbed temperature, vertical head gradient, and groundwater chemistry measurements. In the East River (CO, USA), widespread cobbles/rocks exhibit high background MS from geological ferrimagnetic minerals, thereby obscuring the relatively small enhancement of MS from groundwater induced Fe oxide precipitates. Our study suggests that, in settings with low geological sources of magnetic minerals such as lowland rivers and wetlands, MS may serve as a complementary tool to temperature methods for efficiently mapping Fe oxide accumulation zones due to anoxic groundwater discharges that may function as biogeochemical hot spots and water quality control points in gaining systems.  相似文献